BTC与ETH哪个更容易被消灭

江卓尔

目录

一、BTC和ETH的真实区块数据大小
a、节点裁剪模式
b、全节点和轻节点数据大小
c、ETH的归档节点(Archive Node)
d、ETH BTC节点硬件要求和数量对比
​e、infura的中心化问题

二、美国政府对加密货币的打击方法:技术类

a、阻断网络数据传输
b、查封节点
c、51%空块攻击
d、更安全的POS挖矿
e、攻击开发者​​


有些人实在太恶心了,

​连技术事实都敢撒谎,

有必要好好教训一下。

一、BTC和ETH的真实区块数据大小

@TumbleBit 这种人假装没看过比特币白皮书,
为了不可告人的目的,
在那睁着眼睛说瞎话。


a、节点裁剪模式

区块链历史数据累积越来越多的问题,
中本聪设计时就考虑到了,
解决方法是白皮书第7章——回收磁盘空间,
简单来说,把历史交易删光(或保留最近一段时间),
只保留最新状态(谁有多少币)


删光历史交易对系统运行毫无影响
唯一不便只是,非全节点查不了其它人的历史交易,
(自己所有历史交易可以自己保存,很小)


但有多少人关心其它人的历史交易?
你关心张三5岁时买尿布的一笔交易吗?
你最多只关心张三现在有多少币(最新状态)。


真需要查历史交易时,
找有全历史数据的人查一查就行了,
和BT下载一样,只要全网有一份数据,
就可以传得全网都是
而离线保存几百G的全历史数据,
也就一块几百元的硬盘而已,
个人都可以做到,更不用说公司了。

b、全节点和轻节点数据大小
BTC全节点(Full Node)现在456G,
使用裁剪模式(pruned mode)后的轻节点(Light Node)只要2G
ETH也是类似,全节点345G数据,但轻节点只要6G


等下,@TumbleBit 不是说ETH全节点要几个T数据吗?
怎么只有345G数据,比BTC的456G还少?
(数据源:bitinfocharts.com 首页 Blockchain Size)

这就是Core党的恶心之处了:

这些混蛋连技术事实,都敢撒谎

c、ETH的归档节点(Archive Node)
那ETH区块数据有几个T的说法,是怎么来的?

ETH区块原始数据只有345G,
但你如果要方便查询所有历史状态,
把这345G的数据从头到尾跑一次,
把所有中间状态都存下来
(例如某个区块高度时帐号余额多少,合约状态如何)
那才有几个T,这种节点叫 归档节点(Archive Node)

例如全节点(Full Node)存储的是 每一笔交易:

1月1日:张三给李四打了1ETH,
2月1日:张三给李四打了2ETH,
3月1日:张三给李四打了3ETH。

但只有这个记录,并不知道张三3月1日有多少ETH,

要从第一笔记录开始,一笔一笔算。

归档节点(Archive Node)存储的是 每一个区块状态:

李四1月1日0分0秒:有1ETH,
1月1日0分13秒:有1ETH
1月1日0分26秒:有1ETH
……
(每13秒一个区块一条记录,重复记录有压缩)
……
2月1日0分0秒:有3ETH
……

这样记录查询方便,要知道李四几月几号有多少ETH,

不需要从第一天开始一笔一笔算交易,但数据大了很多。

一般只有商用目的(例如区块浏览器提供查询服务),

才需要搞归档节点,那自然没多少个,

BTC按这个标准搞 归档节点,也有几个T。

(例如做区块浏览器的,BTC数据就有2个多T)


用 ETH全状态的归档节点 vs BTC的全节点,
一点脸皮都不要,蓄意欺骗,误导读者,

让读者损失真金白银,真是恶心[鄙视]

这侧面说明,为什么区块链有技术背景的容易赚钱,

因为他们不容易被 @TumbleBit ​这样的人骗:)

d、ETH BTC节点硬件要求和数量对比

​ETH区块数据345G,但钱包运行时还要产生索引、缓存、快照等文件,GETH钱包大小578G,OpenEthereum钱包大小598G

BTC只有一个Bitcoin Core钱包,大小456G,两者没有什么本质差别。

当然你如果要做商用服务,ETH开Archive模式(归档节点),那大小确实有几个T,不过这不是必须选项。BTC类似的把中间状态都存下来(例如区块浏览器需要),我问了http://BTC.com大小也有2T多

​BTC节点硬件要求:​2核4GB+1TB SSD

​ETH节点硬件要求:​8核16GB+2TB SSD

也就低档和中档个人电脑的差别,知道了以上技术事实,再来看 @TumbleBit ​的撒谎,就很可笑了,这人非蠢既坏

eth多少T的巨额账本,就那么几个节点存,随便一封杀就死了

节点数ETH 6369个,BTC 15013个,

ETH只有BTC的一半,但还是在一个数量级

非说封杀时6000个节点会灭亡,15000个节点不会,

中档电脑会灭亡,低档电脑不会,那是在睁着眼说瞎话。

当然有些杠精又会造谣,ETH都是轻节点巴拉巴拉。有点智商好不好,ETH钱包578G和BTC钱包456G有什么本质区别吗?两者都可以开裁剪(轻节点)模式。非得说578G的都开裁剪,456G的都不开裁剪?

如果你要问,那到两者各有多少轻节点呢?不好意思,都不知道。上面的节点数统计是通过全网连接探测统计的,但轻节点删掉历史数据对节点运行毫无影响,所以从连接探测无法区分。

​e、infura的中心化问题

你个人就算跑了一个BTC全节点,你要查交易时,会自己打开客户端命令行,敲命令查吗?显然不会,正常人都是打开区块浏览器查。

开发人员也一样,infura就相当于开发人员的区块浏览器,开发人员基本自己都跑了ETH全节点(方便调试),但到正式环境上线运行时,就算自己有节点,也还是更愿意直接用infura的查询服务,因为比自己的节点更方便、稳定、省心。自己节点服务当机的概率,可比infura当机的概率大多了。

所以,infura就相当于一个方便的,开在你家楼下的便利店,比跑去超市买东西方便。但有的别有用心的人就开始造谣,说万一楼下便利店停电了,你就要饿死了

你问问科学家们是不是使用的infura,把infura数据访问口掐死了,eth网络服务马上瘫痪

会饿死吗?麻烦一点,自己去超市买就是了(自己访问自己的ETH节点服务)。

当然,infura做得太好太方便,导致大家都用infura,确实形成了一个风险,但这是 “服务中断风险”,不是系统级风险,更不是生态灭亡风险。开发人员(尤其是大的应用)有必要增加备用服务(例如用quicknode,最好用自己节点加查询服务备用)。

至于BTC?生态太差,根本没有像infura这样好用的查询服务商,这就像某个连区块浏览器都没有的币,嘲笑BTC有区块浏览器,如果瘫痪了没法查交易,是个巨大风险,“BTC网络服务马上瘫痪”,甚为可笑。

以上,就是技术事实部分,

现在大家知道什么叫 “造谣一张嘴,辟谣跑断腿” 了吧?

两句话的造谣,要说清楚背后的技术事实,

就要花那么长篇幅,记住最后的结论:

钱包大小:BTC 456G,ETH 578G
节点数:BTC 15013个,ETH 6369个

二、美国政府对加密货币的打击方法:技术类

所有打击措施都肯定有效果,效果大小而已,

所以下面侧重描述能彻底消灭币的方法。

a、阻断网络数据传输

目前BTC ETH等币的交易广播,区块数据,矿工挖矿数据 都是明文,

从互联网骨干网节点可以轻松检出,并拦截,

但在技术世界,加密远比解密简单,

把这些数据加密传输就行了,

所以这个打击措施效果最弱,

例子刚大规模发生过,避免被和谐,我就不说了。

b、查封节点

通过节点的IP定位到节点的物理位置,要求其关闭,

对国外节点发现后黑名单,

难度是节点太多,数以万计,执法成本高,

国外节点可以不断换IP,拦截不过来,

并且只干掉全节点,无法阻止网络继续运行。

防御方还可以在匿名网络(TOR等)运行节点,

找不到节点的真实IP,

所以这个打击措施,效果有,但也不大

c、51%空块攻击

这是技术上最可行,可以彻底杀死币的方法

虽然购买部署51%算力的矿机很昂贵,

但美国政府为什么要买呢?

按照美国宪法第五修正案的 征收条款(Takings Clause),

只要征用几天,付几天电费就行了

控制51%以上算力后,就只挖空块

如果有其它矿工挖出正常打包交易的块,

就直接无视这个正常块,用51%算力挖一条更长的链,

把这个正常块孤立掉(作废掉这个块)。

分散的矿工在发现挖的块都被美国政府孤立,

没有任何收益后,在几天内就会陆续停挖,

美国政府也不用继续挖,

征用的大部分矿机可以停机,

只要保持攻击算力比正常算力多就行。

正常算力不挖,攻击算力也不挖,

正常算力挖n个块,攻击算力多挖1个块就行,

成本非常低,

有人敢和美国政府对着打算力战,烧钱吗?

在用户侧看到的效果,

就是发出的任何交易,都不会被打包确认,

BTC系统彻底瘫痪,

瘫痪几个月后,价格估计会跌去99.9%。

d、更安全的POS挖矿

POW挖矿=用矿机的计算能力挖矿,谁算力多,谁打包区块交易。

POS挖矿=用币的质押天数挖矿,谁质押币多,谁打包区块交易。

POW挖矿无法解决这种51%空块攻击

哪怕改算法,例如改显卡算法,

美国政府也可以征用显卡矿机攻击。

CPU算法?巧了,美国政府的超级计算机最多。

只有POS挖矿可以解决51%空块攻击

美国政府无法像征用矿机那样,征用币,

哪怕真的用5美元的扳手征用(或者购买了),

开发者也可以在代码里加检查点(check point)

经过社区用户同意(都更新到这个版本),

把这些参与攻击的币,直接作废掉

因为币有地址特征,可以在代码里作废,

矿机没有特征,无法作废。

ETH的转POS代码已经好了,

一直在测试完善中,

紧急时可以直接切换过去,

而BTC没有转POS的准备,

事到临头再开发,估计几个月吧,

瘫痪几个月后,价格估计会跌去99.9%

【说个题外话】我这人有个优点,

一个99.9%的人都无法企及的优点:

脑袋决定屁股,无视立场地只承认事实。

虽然我是矿工,但我毫不忌讳谈POS在防攻击上远超过POW

当然POW有其它好处,

例如公平分发代币,巨大的广告效应等,

(挖矿是最好的,进入区块链的途径,

无数人因挖矿而入币圈屯币)。

ETH最好的状态,就是最近两年这样:

做好转POS的代码和准备,但继续POW挖矿,

直到总市值超过BTC(对POW的广告效果的需求没那么大了),

再转POS。

e、攻击开发者

攻击开发者意义不大,

ETH开发目前确实由Vitalik主导,

但Vitalik也无法做出损害社区利益的事情,

Vitalik可以一声令下,命令ETH网络停止吗?

通过攻击Vitalik,最多只是让ETH的更新陷入停滞

对目前的网络运行没有影响,

并且,如果Vitalik不能继续开发ETH,

必然会出现和中本聪一样的全匿名开发者,

接过ETH开发的大旗

并且ETH上大量互相引用的应用,

也使得ETH事实上无法分裂

这些应用选择在哪个分叉链上继续开发,

哪个链就是ETH。

====以上总结一下====

1、ETH的钱包大小略大于BTC(578G vs 456G)

ETH的节点数小于BTC(6369个 vs 15013个)

但还是在一个数量级,

面对封杀时要么都活,要么都死,

不可能一死一活。

2、技术上51%空块攻击可以彻底杀死POW币种,

POS币种可以防御这种攻击。

然后,你以为我要说,综上所述,

ETH比BTC不容易被美国政府消灭吗?

不好意思,以上内容只是技术事实,供有兴趣的人了解。

在美国政府眼里,

578G和456G的区别,就像人眼里黄蚂蚁和黑蚂蚁的区别,

虽然51%空块攻击可以完美杀死BTC,

但这是在BTC的规则里玩,

觉得美国政府会搞51%算力攻击的,中二病满满

目录

​三、美国政府对加密货币的打击方法:法律类

a、美国政府强制收缴黄金的历史

b、交易,持有非法的后果

c、反对扩容的Core

d、​为什么美国政府不能封杀抖音?

​e、无可匹敌的力量

上篇《BTC和ETH,哪个更容易被美国政府消灭?(上)》发出后,有些人提问:

问:你说ETH的Full node钱包是578G,那为什么我的Geth钱包有1T/2T/3T/4T?

答:578G的数据来自 https://etherscan.io/chartsync/chaindefault

说大于578G的人,是因为模式选错了。用了 –gcmode=archive 参数,导致打开了存档节点(Archive node)模式。

这就是为什么有人会说:“你骗人,我的full node明明有4T”,你同步的4T其实是从你同步时间开始的 存档节点(archive node),这也侧面说明了,archive node并不是只有很少几个,很多人稀里糊涂就同步了一个archive node

如果你的钱包因为按 archive node 模式同步已经很大了,可以裁剪(prune)一次,或者重新同步一次,就能回到578G了。

问:我的高配电脑,同步一个月也跟不上最新进度

答:首先,是因为模式选错了。用geth – syncmode “full | fast | light” 来选择模式时。full 和 fast都是full node(”fast” downloads all blocks 技术文档见这里但full是逐个区块下载,而ETH的区块是13秒一个,特别多,导致下载大量小文件,非常慢。

fast模式(默认),会直接下载一个最新的EVM快照(downloads all blocks, but also downloads a recent snapshot of the EVM state),这个快照是个大文件,网速快的话,几小时就同步好了,fast模式同步好后,会自己验证所有交易

第二,一定要SSD,区块有大量小文件读写,机械硬盘哪怕你同步好了快照,也跟不上更新。

问:BTC的full node应该对应ETH的archive node

答:BTC的full node里既没有某个高度的地址余额信息,也没有某高度脚本的执行状态,怎么能算archive模式呢?问这个问题的人,甚至连BTC有脚本都不知道。

BTC开发太早期了,根本就没有archive模式。BTC类似archive模式的,是区块浏览器自己生成带中间状态的数据,我问了下http://BTC.com,他们数据2T多


继续《BTC和ETH,哪个更容易被美国政府消灭?(上)》中的结论

1、ETH的钱包大小略大于BTC(578G vs 456G),
ETH节点硬件要求中档个人电脑,
BTC节点硬件要求低档个人电脑,
ETH的节点数小于BTC(6369个 vs 15013个),
但还是在一个数量级,
面对封杀时要么都活,要么都死,
不可能一死一活。

2、技术上51%空块攻击可以彻底杀死POW币种,
POS币种可以防御这种攻击。

​三、美国政府对加密货币的打击方法:法律类

虽然51%空块攻击可以完美杀死BTC,

但这是在BTC的规则里玩,

觉得美国政府会搞51%算力攻击的,中二病满满

a、美国政府强制收缴黄金的历史

美国政府并不会用51%算力攻击,

这不是美国政府擅长的领域,

美国政府会直接掀桌,通过法律方法打击,

例如:持有,买卖,结算BTC/ETH非法

觉得不可能吗?那可是美国政府啊,

连国民的黄金,都强制收缴过的美国政府啊

更不用说比特币了,

一个 “躲避监管,资助敌国” 的帽子扣上来,你还敢还嘴?

1933年经济危机中,美国总统罗斯福以拯救金融危机和防止美国黄金向欧洲流失的名义,提出了停止黄金的兑换和出口的《紧急银行法案》,并于3月9日获国会参众两院的通过。

4月5日罗斯福进一步在6102号行政命令中以20.67美元/盎司的价格强制收缴民众黄金,私藏黄金者将被重判最高10年监禁和10万美元罚金。甚至连瑞士银行Uebersee FINANZ-Korporation委托美国公司保管的黄金都被强制收缴。

1934年的1月30日,美国又通过了《黄金储备法案》,金价重新定为35美元1盎司,但美国人民无权兑换黄金。美国人刚刚上缴黄金换了美元,就被“罗斯福新政”洗劫了近一半。

所以那些舔美,信美国宣传那套价值观的人,

(例如 “私人财产神圣不可侵犯”)

道德如何我不评价,至少智商是肯定不行的。

这几天欧美抢劫俄罗斯富豪财产时,

(即使有的富豪已经是西方国籍)

这些舔美的人还嘴硬:

抢劫只是对外,对内一定是神圣不可侵犯,

嗯,看来这些人历史也不行:)

知道什么是 “神圣不可侵犯” 的吗?

最终暴力才是 神圣不可侵犯 的,

中国有核武器后,才是神圣不可侵犯的,

财产权构筑在暴力权之上,

幻想投降后,别人的暴力权,来维护你的财产权?

按长者的评价:

too young too simple, sometimes naive

中本聪要是傻白甜,

信了美国的 “私人财产神圣不可侵犯”

就不会有比特币,不会有波澜壮阔的区块链时代了。

b、交易,持有非法的后果

币价将跌掉99%(比被51%攻击瘫痪的99.9%好一点),

任何稍微大一点的经济活动和资金,都不可能介入币,

想想暗网的经济规模才多大吧,

想想愿意冒犯罪风险,

冒着 “最高10年监禁和10万美元罚金” 持币的人才多少吧。

简而言之:BTC/ETH在技术上不会死亡,

但在社会经济上将死亡,只会在暗网夹缝中苟活。

在这种情况下,

BTC和ETH在技术上的差别,

对封杀几乎毫无影响,

对手的攻击力,是机枪1000

你剑法练得再好,也只是抵抗力1或2的差别,

你钱包是578G还是456G,有什么差别吗?

你能不能被51%空块攻击,有什么区别吗?

你节点需要的CPU内存 多一点还是少一点,有什么差别吗?

c、反对扩容的Core

Core当时反对扩容一个主要的理由,

就是BTC要足够小,

小到可以用一台装进口袋的树莓派运行

这样才能在政府的封杀下生存

这种想法怎么说呢,

无视社会经济现实,

充满了技术人员的幼稚中二病,

我是程序员,我非常理解这种想法是怎么来的。

中本聪在创世区块写下:

The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks
首相第二次对处于崩溃边缘的银行进行紧急救助

中本聪开发的BTC,

是为了对抗政府滥发钞票,

追求货币自由,经济自由,

让这个世界变得更合理,

还是为了给暗网买卖毒品、人口、军火的犯罪分子提供方便?

这种苟活,只给暗网服务的BTC,

还有任何社会价值吗?

d、​为什么美国政府不能封杀抖音?

​既然说Core反对扩容的理由,

​充满了技术人员的幼稚中二病,

​那么,正确的方法应该怎么做?

​我们不妨看看历史:

​为什么美国政府不能封杀抖音?

​是因为抖音足够小,

​小到可以用一台装进口袋的树莓派运行吗?

​当然不是,是因为抖音足够大,

​大到足以影响民意/选民,

​抖音在美国有5220 万用户,

​人民群众要刷抖音,

​特朗普你敢让人民刷不了抖音,

你算老几?

​e、无可匹敌的力量

​人民才是无可匹敌的力量,

ETH要生存,就必须:

从人民中来、到人民中去、
和人民在一起、一切为了人民

​BTC在Core党反对扩容,

​走数字黄金,价值存储路线后,

​就已经自绝于用户,自绝于人民

​美国政府封杀令一下,

​少数重仓BTC的机构当场嗝屁,

​大部分少量持仓BTC的机构立即清仓,

​炒币的做鸟兽散,

剩下不到1%的屯币党,能做什么?

​哪个正经人、正经公司和你打交道?

你准备​到暗网去,

​和贩卖毒品、人口、军火的犯罪分子打交道吗?

​​BTC除了能屯,还能干什么?​能用吗?

​能用也能屯的邮票,一度也很火,

​集邮是国民级的热门活动,

但当邮票不能用,只能屯,没有用户后,

​衰败得多快?现在还有人集邮吗?

​这么简单的道理,BTC最大主义者,

​永远视而不见听而不闻,

​你永远不能叫醒一个装睡的人:)

​ETH现在就已经比BTC好很多,​

ETH的 货币自由+合同自由,

衍生出了大量的应用,

​NFT,链游等已经出圈,

​拥有大量的用户和知名度。​

​当然现在还不够多,​但未来,

​随着应用、生态、用户的继续发展,

​将会有越来越多的人民、资金、公司加入ETH,

​这,才是ETH不被封杀的力量,

​这,才是我们的星辰大海。

Luna为什么会崩盘

江卓尔

目录

一、UST稳定币的机制
二、虚市值
三、如何利用虚市值赚钱
四、Luna中的虚市值
五、Luna创始人Do Kwon的巨额套现
六、Do Kwon买入的8万个BTC
七、Do Kwon用8万个BTC救市了吗?
八、Luna&UST归零中,损失的资金都到哪去了?
九、如何在UST脱锚中赚钱?

这两天币圈发生了有史以来数得着的天量财富转移,你在这次转移中,是赚了还是亏了?如果你不懂数学,那肯定是会亏的,因为这次Luna归零的例子非常极端,400亿美元在2天内彻底归零。

截止目前,我还没看到有哪篇文章,从资金易手(也就是真金白银去哪了)的角度谈这次Luna归零事件的,那我就来谈一谈吧。这将是我写的最深的一篇文章之一,请各位跟上。

不要问我为什么鸽了11号的文章,凡是市场情绪极端时(恐慌或狂热),就是到处都能轻松捡钱的时候,相信很多人和我一样,这两天都只睡了几个小时。能在昨天晚上挤出时间,写了一篇《USDT在近期没有脱锚的风险》来避免市场过度恐慌,就已经不错了。

一、UST稳定币的机制

要说明这次Luna归零事件,得先讲一下UST稳定币的稳定机制。UST是一个目标锚定1美元的算法稳定币。锚定机制是:双币销毁铸造。

① Luna是项目的股权币,自由涨跌。

② UST通过和Luna的 “双向销毁铸造” 来锚定1美元:

a、当UST价格大于1时(例如1.01美元),可以通过销毁价值1美元Luna,来得到1个UST,然后卖出1UST得到1.01美元,获利0.01美元。

b、反过来,当UST价格小于1时(例如0.99美元),可以用0.99美元买入1UST,销毁1个UST,来得到价值1美元的Luna,然后卖出Luna得到1美元,获利0.01美元。

套利机制如上图所示,当然其中有一些摩擦费用(例如系统铸造费用,交易费等),1.01是不够套利成本的,要再高一些才够。

因此,通过套利者的不断套利,只要Luna的总市值正常,UST就能稳定在1美元。而UST生态的发展,又会将交易费手续费等利润,反哺给Luna(Luna本质上是这套系统的股权),提高Luna的总市值。

那Luna这次为什么归零了?要深刻理解其本质,得先了解 “虚市值” 这个基础概念。虚市值 的概念我在之前2019年10月29日的文章(BTC那时候价格9204美元)《比特币涨到十万美元需要多少资金?》中讲过一次,如果没看过的话,我简单讲一下。

二、虚市值

简单一句话:

“总市值” 只是个统计值,不是真金白银。

举一个最简单的例子:张三发行了一个有1亿发行量的币,然后以10元卖了1个给李四,那么这个币的总市值就是1亿个*10元=10亿元,但如果张三这时候说,我这个币总市值10亿元,我打一折,1亿卖给你,你会买吗?

你肯定不会买对吧?因为这个币的交易量远低于总市值,根本不值钱

这是第一步,基本没人会上当,但稍微换了下花样,就会有很多人掉坑里了。我在《比特币涨到十万美元需要多少资金?》里举了一个例子:

一家股票型基金,基金历史成长性很好,每年都赚10%~30%,到现在基金持有的几只股票,净值100亿。请问,基金打个5折,50亿整个(包括股票一起)卖给你,你愿意买吗?

给你1分钟时间思考

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这个坑和前一个问题是一样的:你手上有1亿股票,每股价格10元,那就值10亿元真金白银(红色面积)吗?

当然不值10亿元,你要把这10亿市值股票在市场上卖出,换回的真金白银(红色部分),可能远远不到10亿。​

​你要卖出1亿股,愿意10元买的可能只有300万股,9元500万股,价格越往下,买单越多,可能要卖到2元,才能把这1亿股卖完。卖完加一起,你总共只拿到了3亿的真金白银

那剩下7亿元的 “财富” 哪去了?不不不,这7亿元只是个虚值,从来都不是真金白银。把一股的最后成交价10元乘以数量1亿股,得到的总市值10亿元,和真正的10亿真金白银,中间的差距从1%到100%都有可能。1亿股占总股本的比例越大,差距百分比也越大,总共就1.1亿股的话,卖掉1亿股足以砸掉90%以上的价格。

三、如何利用虚市值赚钱

其实很简单,只要用 “总市值” 这个统计值,去换低认知的人的真金白银就行了。比如一开始举的例子,基金这100亿股票怎么来的?可能只是基金只花30亿元,购买控盘几只股票,逐渐做出来的

​再复习一下这个图,既然市值10亿的股票砸下来,最后只能卖出3亿真金白银,也就意味着如果花3亿真金白银逐步吸筹,在控盘度越来越高的情况下,只要花少量的钱,就能推高很大的总市值

不过到最后,这10亿市值做出来了,但只是虚的,要是再卖出去,又只能卖出3亿真金白银,白忙乎一场,那怎么办呢?

简单,这股票是用基金逐渐买入的,把基金卖给低认知的散户好了:看看,我这基金(山寨币)很优质的,每年都盈利20%哦,现在基金持有市值100亿元的股票,卖你100亿真金白银,你不亏的哦。

看到了吧?不好好学习,提高认知能力,就是这个后果,被卖了还不知道是怎么卖的。

四、Luna中的虚市值

Luna在脱锚前,最高到过400亿美元的总市值

但根据虚市值,假设有人用无限多的Luna砸盘,那能卖出来的美元,是远低于400亿美元的,具体能卖出多少,这次就发生了一次极其罕见的社会实验,后面给出数据。

UST在Luna生态发展的过程中,逐渐通过Luna销毁生成,在5月9日脱锚前,总市值为187亿美元,此时Luna总市值为204亿美元

有人这时候就说,Luna总市值快小于UST了,UST快锚定不住了,这说法对吗?

给你1分钟时间思考,看你是否真正理解了 “虚市值” 这个概念(而不是仅仅 “知道”)。

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这说法当然不对,因为Luna在1:1之前,早就锚定不住UST了,Luna能卖出的真金白银远小于总市值。从这次社会实验的结果来看,Luna总市值要至少10~20倍于UST才可能锚定住

Luna协议要能长时间运行,必须设置UST总市值小于Luna总市值10%的硬顶(最好是5%),并在Luna总市值下跌时,对应销毁UST,当然这也无法防止Luna在总市值下跌时,发生死亡螺旋并最终归零,但至少不会那么惨烈,近400亿美元市值在2天内归零(204亿美元的Luna和186亿美元的UST)。

五、Luna创始人Do Kwon的巨额套现

那么,就有了一个很有趣的问题,Luna什么时候跨过了 “UST总市值占比过大” 这个鬼门关的?

下图这段UST发行量直线飙升,就是Do Kwon将大量Luna销毁铸造成UST。

增发前2021年11月9日,Luna总市值201亿美元,UST总市值28.8亿美元,占比14%

11月20日UST增发完成后,Luna总市值180亿美元,UST发行量71.7亿美元(增发了42.9亿美元),占比40%,Luna进入 “一碰就倒” 的归零倒计时

这些Luna名义上是社区池的,但实际上是Do Kwon自己控制的,本质上就是Do Kwon自己的

这是一个非常高明的套现行为,如果Do Kwon在Luna总市值201亿美元(总币量4亿个)时,卖掉8867万Luna(占总量22%)的话,最多只能卖20亿美元。因为按5月11日的实际砸盘结果,8120万Luna币就能把Luna总市值从196亿美元,砸到25亿美元(砸掉了87%),同时只销毁了19.4亿UST

而Do Kwon通过将Luna的虚市值,铸造为UST的方法,在市场毫无波动的情况下,获得了40亿UST。这时候,最迷惑人的一个障眼法就来了:

UST是Luna虚市值的一部分,有很大折扣,
​UST不是真金白银,
​但UST看起来又很像美元,
​在少量兑换时也可以按1:1兑换为美元。

这时候,就看哪些数学不好的人,愿意接受 “假币” UST了。

六、Do Kwon买入的8万个BTC

那么Do Kwon销毁Luna产生的40亿UST “假币” 都花到哪了呢?

手上有假币,当然要去买保值的硬通货,所以Do Kwon都去买了BTC

从Luna基金会(LFG)公布的一个存币地址查看bc1q9d4ywgfnd8h43da5tpcxcn6ajv590cg6d3tg6axemvljvt2k76zs50tv4q

42530个BTC的买入均价是42152美元(假设转入时间等于买入时间),乘以8.04万BTC就是33.89亿美元,接近铸造的UST金额,剩下的USDT估计是Do Kwon留着备用的(Do Kwon还用UST换了12亿美元的USDT)。

更讽刺的是,Do Kwon还卖了10亿美元的Luna给机构

Jump Crypto、三箭资本、Republic Capital、GSR这些机构将被永远地钉在耻辱柱上,这么简单一个数学障眼法,内部流程没有一个人审出问题。为什么这些机构看不懂这么简单的一个数学障眼法呢?不要迷信机构,圈外再牛逼的机构,在币圈都是大号韭菜,这些机构里的分析管理人员,也只是普通人而已,很多也是不懂数学的傻B

那么,下一个万众瞩目的问题就是:

七、Do Kwon用8万个BTC救市了吗?

要是传统资金市场,这就是个谁也不知道的黑箱,可惜Do Kwon操纵的是一切透明的区块链,那就一目了然了

Do Kwon于5月10日2~4点(UTC+8 北京时间,下同)移动了

bc1q9d4ywgfnd8h43da5tpcxcn6ajv590cg6d3tg6axemvljvt2k76zs50tv4q 里的42530 BTC和
bc1qkhl4pt957urd8sleys3p00ua2h23nl3hghhtkyaatgzapj9kflhqar0jdv 里的12581 BTC
以上的5.5万BTC是从Luna基金会地址打出去的,另外还有2.5万BTC只是Do Kwon声称有,不能确认是否真实存在。

这些币充入了各大交易所,例如根据 bitinfocharts.com 的标记,其中的3万BTC最终进入了OKEX的地址 1NYAd6fA2dc5xowuweFUSDRqRTEzDwk28

10日2点后的BTC价格却没有明明显下跌,一直在横盘,完全不是8万个BTC砸盘的表现。一直到11日晚上8:30(美国公布4月CPI通胀数据)后,BTC价格才出现剧烈波动。

另一个更坚固的数学证据是:假设Do Kwon真的用了这20~30亿美元资金,在脱锚点(5月10日0点)后的2~4小时内救市,那在各种数据统计曲线上将能看到明显的痕迹,尤其是在脱锚刚开始的数据段,毕竟UST到现在总共也就逃了(销毁了)74亿美元出来,20~30亿美元的救市资金,足以造成明显的曲线变形。

但是,以下从脱锚点(5月10日0点)开始的数据统计曲线都非常顺滑,符合自由落体脱锚的表现

例如 “UST累计币数销毁量” 开始慢(因为市场还没恐慌),中间快,最后慢(因为Luna都被换完了),基本对称。

这是什么?这就是个标准的 皮尔曲线。

解释一下皮尔曲线:
当经济变量的发展变化表现为初期增长速度缓慢,随后增长速度逐渐加快,达到一定程度后又逐渐减慢,最后达到饱和状态的趋势,即原时间序列倒数的一阶差分的环比为一个常数,可以用皮尔曲线来描述。

这次脱锚后UST的销毁,完美适合这种数学模型,并且画出了一个标准的皮尔曲线。这哪里有20~30亿美元人为救市干预的痕迹?我估计Do Kwon就用小指头象征性地救了一下市,把8万个BTC全部装进了自己的腰包

“UST累计币数销毁量 占 Luna总市值减少 百分比” 这个指标也基本平滑,说明销毁的UST均匀地由Luna总市值减少来吸收

据说现在韩国有人线下去堵Do Kwon肉身,Do Kwon已经向警方求助了,我只能说,这条路对了。Do Kwon手上肯定还有很多BTC,甚至没有将任何BTC用于救市,自己搞出来的局,自己还不清楚结果吗?各大交易所有义务调查Do Kwon充入BTC后的交易行为。

Do Kwon如果要自证清白也很简单,公布由交易所联合作证的UST买入记录,并把救市买入的至少40~50亿UST提现到链上地址,向全网证明即可

八、Luna&UST归零中,损失的资金都到哪去了?

损失中的一半是持有Luna的人,不过这些人本来就是Luna投资者,盈亏同源。

比较惨的是在Luna下跌过程中接死亡螺旋的人。他们以为Luna这样一个市值前十,数百亿美元的项目,在跌掉90%,99%,99.9%后会止跌。

还有满仓进去赌一把的

但经过上面的分析,大家应该知道,在187亿美元的UST全部逃出之前,Luna将有无限增发的抛压所有在中途接盘Luna的人,他们买入Luna的真金白银,实际上是在解救持有UST的人,除非接盘资金大于187亿美元,否则Luna只有归零的一个结局。

而204亿美元市值的Luna,有可能有187亿美元真金白银的接盘资金吗?当然不可能,Luna在从57美元跌到4.1美元,总市值缩水90%后,仅仅逃出了23.8亿美元的UST

从23.8亿到74亿之间逃出来的UST,就要感谢各路看Luna便宜,又不懂数学的抄底资金了:

57美元到4.1美元之间的买入资金,解救了23.8亿美元的UST。
4.12美元到1美元之间的抄底资金,解救了29.2亿美元的UST。
1美元到0.1美元之间的抄底资金,解救了16.8亿美元的UST。
0.1美元以下的抄底资金,解救了4.2亿美元的UST。

以上慈善资金共解救了74亿美元的UST,最终剩下了113亿美元的UST归零。

所以,我5月11日课后作业第2问考察的是:

你是否理解,抄底资金本质上是去解救UST的,而币价越低,能吸引的抄底资金越多

Luna币价 0~1美元(对应市值变化11.3亿美元)的抄底资金,解救了21亿美元的UST。

这几乎和 Luna币价 57~4.1美元(对应市值变化176.7亿美元)解救的23.8亿美元一样多,

所以答案是小于。

九、如何在UST脱锚中赚钱?

这是我5月11日课后作业第1问。赚钱的方法,可以大体分为四层:道体用术。

道:

① 能量守恒。

② 熵增不可逆,减熵(秩序)无法凭空产生。

所有的系统都会往混乱发展,除非有外部能量的注入。例如你的房间永远会变得更乱,除非你消耗能量整理房间。这里我要再强调一次,知道某些规则(例如能量守恒)和理解这些规则,中间差距的鸿沟大于十万八千里

为什么理科生收入比文科生更高,并且更多地主导了社会?虽然理科生和文科生都知道能量守恒,但理科生通过数以万计的题目练习,将 “能量守恒” 这样世界运行的基本规律,深刻写入本能

在面对同一个坑时,理科生更容易看出:这里不守恒

① 因为熵增不可逆,所以将 “算法稳定币” 作为一个独立系统,除非有源源不断的外部能量注入(例如外部持续输入的增长、救市等资金),否则算法稳定币必将归于混乱(脱锚)

② 虚市值 导致死亡螺旋发生时,10倍的Luna也托不住1倍的UST市值,更不用说UST市值甚至接近Luna市值。

① 获利方法:在课后作业中,很多人都说应该做空Luna,这个回答对吗?

给你1分钟时间思考。

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……(省略号其实是21个,你被骗了吗?)

……(Don’t trust, verify it 不要信任,验证它)

……(这才是区块链世界应该奉行的原则)

……(不按原则行事,你在区块链世界会死得很惨)

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错误,因为在任何时间点,都不能预测Luna的涨跌,除了在刚脱锚时,Luna下跌的概率比较大以外,其余时间点Luna做空的赢面都不稳,举一个做空Luna反被爆仓的例子:

Luna在这次归零前的死猫反弹中,反弹了11倍,爆了无数的空军。

在这次大反弹中,

第一个做多亏光A8的兄弟,逃出了一个A7,

而第二个做空爆光A8的兄弟,靠套利赚回了一个A7。

不同的选择,同样的命运,生活真是戏剧性

当然,太阳底下没有新鲜事,我在2016年的《给Zcash泼泼冷水——有了深黑,市场真的需要纯黑吗?》中,写了一段自己亲身经历:在Zcash刚开始挖矿,从零点几BTC涨到3200BTC的时候,先被爆了一个小仓位,然后靠着Bitmex期货的10BTC限价,赚了100BTC回来

虽然一开始被爆的仓位很小,但这是我错得最离谱的一次,Zcash按理性预测,参考门罗币、达世币这两个已有的匿名币,合理估值应该在0.01~0.03BTC之间。我在1.7 BTC时做空,已经是超过合理价格100倍的泡沫,但万万没想到,市场还能在100倍泡沫之上,再涨2000倍

虽然我最后赚了,但那是靠Bitmex期货限价规则赚的,从此以后,我再也不做空任何加密货币。所以建议大家:

不要做空任何加密货币,

做多最多跌100%,做空可能涨10万倍,

觉得会跌回来吗?

市场不理性的时间,

总是会超过你撑着不破产的时间。

所以,正确的获利方法是:加杠杆做空UST。UST锚定1美元,几乎不可能 长时间&大幅 高于1美元,因此杠杆倍数越高越好,可以高至10~20倍。

② 预测UST脱锚时间

稳定币利率长期高达20%,Anchor也是庞氏吗?》这篇文章提出了一个观点,认为UST提供了一个年利息20%的理财协议Anchor,而Anchor本身的经营收入达不到20%,每日将亏损418万美元。亏损要消耗Luna基金会提供的补贴,现在还剩3.6亿美元,按照目前的烧钱速度,大概只能再支撑 3 个月

因此这篇文章认为:

按照目前 Anchor 储备金的消耗速度,我们大概率会在今年等来这个金融游戏的破局时刻

这个观点对吗?给你1分钟时间思考……

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……

……

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……(Don’t trust, verify it 不要信任,验证它)

……(你验证了吗?省略号到底有几个?)

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虽然结果对了,但是逻辑是错的。Anchor高达20%的高息存款,确实加速了UST的死亡,但死亡的逻辑传导并不是利息不够。Do Kwon能轻易地从系统中抽出40亿美元,买入8万个BTC,在系统规模继续扩大的情况下,抽几亿美元出来付利息,在3年内毫无问题

并且还有一点关键,Anchor付的利息还是UST,只要UST的信用不破,实际上甚至不需要用多少真美元付利息。这是央行套利学的一个常识:本国货币国债永远不会违约,如果还不上,直接印更多本国货币就行了。

所以,关键还是UST的信用什么时候破?或者说,市场什么时候开始普遍怀疑UST的兑付能力?

虽然如前所述,根据本次真实的砸盘数据,无法兑付的时间点是:UST总市值超过10%的Luna后。但市场上绝大部分人数学不好,不懂虚市值,并不知道2021年11月20日,Do Kwon增发40亿UST,UST市值占比达到Luna的40%后,UST就无法兑付了。

聪明人要跟着傻B走,
​​傻B的共识才是共识。
​(注意是 “才是”,不是 “也是”)

所以,UST信用破产的时间点是:UST总市值接近、甚至超过Luna时

在最近一两周,我已经多次看到有人指出风险:UST总市值已经接近Luna了。再迟钝、再傻B的人,也会意识到:这样Luna总市值好像不够UST兑付了?

死亡的逻辑传导并不是利息不够,

而是高利息快速吸引大量UST,

提高了UST总市值占比,

直到高到能警醒市场上绝大部分傻B为止。

所以,真正的聪明人,

是知道傻B在哪错了的人吗?

当然不是,真正的聪明人,

是知道傻B傻到什么程度,

​并能和傻B同步的人:)

术:

如何加杠杆做空UST,例如伞形资金,在交易所加杠杆借出UST卖出,如何在Luna归零过程中通过销毁UST套利 等等。

虽然昨晚我睡了13个小时,但现在已经很晚了,术都是一些琐碎的知识点,写起来没意思,套利也有很多人说了,并且本文已经写了8000字,加上图片上万字,再长阅读体验就不好了。

所以本文就到此为止吧。

What is Adventure Gold (AGLD)

Adventure Gold is one of the fastest-growing cryptocurrencies right now. The token bridges several hot themes, including blockchain gaming, community governance and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This special blend of attributes is helping the AGLD crypto to appreciate significantly in only a short period of time. Not to mention, the project also carries a fair bit of mystique with it.

As investors continue to flow into the booming NFT space, Adventure Gold is an interesting token that is benefitting.

The project, with its minimalist NFTs, ambiguous token and barebones roadmap, may not initially appear convincing to investors. However, the presentation of the AGLD crypto and its accompanying Loot NFTs have made it strangely successful. This week has brought another major rally for AGLD for the first time since fall 2021.

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What Is the AGLD Crypto and What Are Loot NFTs?

Adventure Gold is the token underlying Vine co-founder Dom Hoffmann’s ambitious NFT project, called Loot. Will Papper, a Loot community member, then developed Adventure Gold. Launched in September, neither AGLD nor Loot are very old at all. The NFT collection was released by Papper for free in an edition of 10,000 tokens. These tokens are all nearly identical in appearance — they include a solid black background, populated with only a few strings of words and phrases.

These words and phrases made up computer-generated items for a video game which doesn’t exist. Everything is entirely up to the holders’ interpretations. Outside of the NFT launch and the launch of AGLD, Papper has largely been hands-off with the project. Almost immediately after launching, the AGLD crypto was picked up by a series of exchanges, like Coinbase (NASDAQ:COIN). These listings helped the token to boom in September. In fact, it set an all-time high above $7.

As for the gains today, there are no real news catalysts to speak of. AGLD prices have actually been on the decline for the last three months. One can surely assume recent gains have something to do with new interest in NFTs and blockchain gaming. Indeed, OpenSea reveals that even with declining AGLD prices, Loot NFTs are selling for tens of thousands of dollars. With AGLD crypto prices up 20% over the last 24 hours, trading volume is up 200% to nearly $300 million.

9 Things you need to know:

  • Before touching on what the Adventure Gold (AGLD) crypto is, we must first look at Loot NFTs. Loot saw its launch in August through a developer named Dom Hofmann.
  • These NFTs are pictures of text rows. Each row contains the name of an item in an adventuring game which doesn’t exist yet.
  • The NFTs represent items for the game, which the NFT owners will own upon its release. Hofmann released the NFTs without any imagery or stats for these items in order to leave their meaning open to interpretation.
  • The Loot NFTs are available for free in a run of 8,000 tokens. Investors are snatching them up very quickly with little marketing outside of Hofmann’s announcement of their existence.
  • Since its first release, the Loot community is growing rapidly and creating hype around the yet-to-be-created game. A multitude of sites measuring the rarity of certain items is already popping up.
  • Adventure Gold is the token meant to fuel the incoming Loot game. As of yet, it has no dedicated developers, and its inherent utility is not fully known.
  • What we do know is that Loot NFT owners were granted 10,000 ALGD for each NFT they possess. At its current going-rate of $3.81, this turned a free NFT purchase into a $38,100 profit.
  • The Adventure Gold (AGLD) crypto is now also getting to boost of a Coinbase Pro listing to add to its bullish momentum. The exchange is announcing its intent to list AGLD this morning through a blog post.
  • Investors can load their existing AGLD holdings onto their Coinbase Pro accounts starting today. If the crypto meets liquidity conditions, it will launch for trading tomorrow afternoon.

By Brenden Rearick

Published
Categorized as Hot Crypto

What is Crypterium (CRPT)

Crypterium, the fast-growing digital fintech solution helping customers manage their assets with ease, has announced its largest listing in the history of the company on the world’s biggest cryptocurrency exchange, Coinbase

Transfers and wallet support for CRPT will now be available on Coinbase’s exchange with the Experimental Label in the regions where trading is supported, and will include the trading pairs CRPT/USD, CRPT/USDT and CRPT/EUR.

Crypterium has also announced the collection of bids where investors transfer their tokens to Coinbase, and if there is enough volume they will begin trading in auction mode. Then they will be transferred into limit bids, and then into full trading on Coinbase’s exchange.

Following this listing of CRPT on Coinbase, Crypterium expects to continue its growth and operations following the Coinbase listing. 

CRPT’s main goal is to stimulate token holders to use Crypterium in their daily life, and to attract new users to Crypterium. Every time a person makes a payment, a fee equal to 0.5% of the value of the transaction in CRPT is taken from the token holder’s account and is burnt as fuel for the transaction. Thanks to Crypterium’s intelligent proprietary technology, this 0.5% is 100% transparent to the user, carried out immediately, at the current exchange rate available.

About Crypterium

Crypterium Wallet puts together all the services you need, right where you need them. The wallet is available in over 170 countries. You can download Crypterium Wallet on iOS and Android devices, or access it with your desktop. Crypterium was the first company to develop a crypto-to-fiat payment card available in 180+ countries. The contactless, free Crypterium VISA Card gives every digital asset holder the possibility to pay instantly in over 42 million retailers worldwide, and withdraw in ATMs all across the globe. More info on https://crypterium.com

By Anastasia

Published
Categorized as Hot Crypto

What is Aergo (AERGO)

  • Aergo Chain is an open-source hybrid blockchain protocol that combines aspects of public (trust/decentralized) and private (performance/control) blockchains to cater towards enterprise and government level use-cases.
  • The Aergo Platform provides a set of infrastructure components for enterprises and developers to host blockchain applications based on the Aergo Chain. Aergo offers a smart-contract engine supporting Lua and SQL, as well as various features, such as distributed version and concurrency control.
  • Private blockchains on the Aergo platform run on a Leader-based Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism powered RAFT algorithm, while the public blockchain network, the Aergo mainnet, runs on a Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Delegated Proof-of-Stake (BFT DPoS) mechanism.
  • To vote and manage block producers, AERGO tokens need to be acquired and staked. Users may decide to pay cloud providers to host their private blockchains on dedicated nodes, instead of hosting them themselves. Enterprise clients may access additional third-party services via AERGO.

1. What is Aergo (AERGO)?

Aergo Chain is an open-source hybrid blockchain protocol powered by the native cryptocurrency AERGO.

Aimed at enterprise and government level use cases, it combines aspects of public (trust/decentralised) and private (performance/control) technologies. The Aergo platform provides a set of infrastructure components for enterprises and developers to host blockchain applications based on the Aergo Chain. Aergo offers a smart contract engine supporting Lua and SQL, and also a number of features such as distributed version and concurrency control.

Private blockchains on the Aergo platform run on a Leader-based Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism powered-RAFT algorithm, while the public blockchain network, the Aergo mainnet, runs on a Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Delegated Proof-of-Stake mechanism.

To vote and manage block producers, AERGO tokens need to be acquired and staked. Users are able to utilize the platform to pay enterprise-grade cloud providers such as large telecommunications firms to host their private blockchains on dedicated nodes, rather than going through the cumbersome process of hosting these blockchains themselves – a functionality that is also unlocked via AERGO tokens.

Enterprise clients will need to use the AERGO utility token to acquire extra application services from other third parties. Additionally, all of Blocko’s (Samsung-backed) future services will be based on the new Aergo Enterprise products that requires AERGO tokens to work.

An example use case in production using Aergo includes a solution adopted by Lotte Card for over 25 million users for fingerprint credit card verifications. It allows Lotte Card to get automated attestations to whether a fingerprint submitted at checkout matches the identity of the credit card owner. The solution is built using a version of Aergo’s Lua smart contracts with SQL integration. SQL integration has been verified to save Lotte Card 90% of their security expenditures for fingerprint authentication due to the blockchain system’s ability to eliminate the need for manual verification of fingerprints.

Other clients using Aergo-based solutions include Hyundai Motor Group, Korea Stock Exchange, Shinhan Bank, POSCO, and more.

2. Economics and supply

The team raised capital in a two-phase supply distribution is as follows:

  • Private Sale: it was conducted in multiple rounds from July 2018 to November 2018 raising a total of 71,721 ETH ($25.38MM) at an average rate of $0.187 per AERGO..
  • Call Option: a call option of 20MM AERGO tokens with early business supporters was issued on November 2018 at an exercise price of $0.187 and $0.167, exercisable end March 2021 that will generate a further $3.36MM (if exercised).
AERGO token distribution (%)
AERGO token release schedule

25% of total AERGO supply is allocated to staking. The staking tokens are loaned to major network nodes (Telco partners across Asia and Europe) in an evenly distributed amount for them to secure the Mainnet as part of a 10 year contractual agreement. The loan is being used to incentivize these partners to integrate their secure cloud capabilities with the Aergo platform architecture to allow for instant provisioning of business services running on Aergo.

Aergo plans to release the plan to become a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) by the end of 2020, and all token releases will be determined by community voting afterwards. This token release schedule shows token releases before the end of 2020.

3. Aergo’s activity and community overview

3.1 Social and community data

Aergo has prioritized South Korea, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, China and Germany as the initial key geographical regions for its community development.

Aergo’s current community development strategies include:

  • Global block producer program to educate and incentivize block producers.
  • International community bounty/ambassador programs for Aergo promotion.
  • Participate/host blockchain related conferences and meetups.
  • Release weekly technical & community updates; Monthly newsletters.
  • Comprehensive quarterly project updates with full financial information and corporate strategy disclosures.

Aergo’s future community development strategies include:

  • Launch diverse range of products built on Aergo platform and build partnerships with enterprise partners and customers.
  • Conduct programs that support decentralized application development and publishing.
  • Host global hackathons and AMAs to engage with developers and crypto communities.
  • Expand media coverage and partnerships with universities, research institutions and blockchain projects.

3.2 Community and social media channels

Its community and social channels include:

Telegram (English)
KakaoTalk (Korean)
Twitter (English)
Medium (English)
Reddit (English)
WeChat (Chinese)
Weibo (Chinese)

4. Appendix

By Binance Research
Published
Categorized as Hot Crypto

What is Immutable X (IMX)

Immutable X (IMX) is an Ethereum token that powers Immutable X, a scaling solution for NFTs that aims to enable near-instant, zero gas fee transactions. IMX can be used to pay for staking on Immutable X, vote on the future of the protocol, and pay transaction fees.

Which products support IMX? 

 Send/ReceiveTrading
Coinbase          ✔     ✔
Pro          ✔     ✔
Wallet          ✔     ✖️

What regions support IMX? 

 USNYCANEUUKDESGJP
Coinbase    ✔ ✖️   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔✖️
Pro   ✔ ✖️   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔✖️
Wallet ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔✖️

Crypto to fiat trading pairs

 USUKEU
USD ✔ ✖️ ✖️
GBP ✖️ ✖️ ✖️
EUR ✖️ ✖️ ✖️

Note: Coinbase Wallet does not support direct bank transactions. You’ll need to transfer your crypto to Coinbase.com or send it to an external address in order to cash out.

Crypto to crypto trading pairs 

  USDCBTC
ETHUSDT
IMX   ✖️  ✖️
 ✖️   ✔

See the full list of countries that Coinbase supports for crypto-to-crypto trading.

Note: Only assets hosted on the Ethereum blockchain can be converted through the Coinbase Wallet mobile app at this time. Learn more about trading on Coinbase Wallet.

How many confirmations are needed for IMX?

IMX requires 35 network confirmations. Learn about transaction confirmations.

Which blockchain network hosts IMX?

IMX is hosted on Ethereum. 

What are the minimum and maximum withdrawal amounts?

Coinbase has implemented safeguards to ensure a healthy and efficient network both on-chain and through our platform.  

These safeguards include both minimum and maximum amounts for each cryptocurrency we allow customers to send through the blockchain. These amounts vary by asset and are subject to change.

By Coinbase

Ethereum NFT Gaming Startup Immutable Hits $2.5B Valuation After $200M Raise

In brief

  • Temasek led the $200 million round, with participation from Animoca Brands and Tencent.
  • Immutable X is an Ethereum scaling solution used by firms like GameStop and TikTok.

Immutable, the Australian startup behind an Ethereum layer-2 scaling solution designed for games and NFTs, announced today that it has raised a Series C funding round at a valuation of $2.5 billion. The firm joins an ever-expanding list of crypto “unicorns,” or startups worth at least $1 billion.

The $200 million round was led by investment firm Temasek, with participation from Chinese gaming giant Tencent and leading metaverse investment firm Animoca Brands. Additional new investors include Arrington Capital, Mirae Asset, and Liberty Global, while Alameda Research and Possible Ventures are among the firms that increased their total investment.

Immutable is the firm behind Immutable X, a layer-2 platform that works on top of the Ethereum blockchain. Transactions on Immutable X are significantly cheaper and faster than those on Ethereum’s own mainnet, and require much less power than transactions on Ethereum’s own energy-intensive proof-of-work

network.

Immutable X uses StarkWare’s StarkEx zero-knowledge proof

technology to roll up thousands of transactions on its own network and commit them to Ethereum with a single transaction.

Amid other notable Ethereum scaling solutions like Polygon, Arbitrum, and Optimism, Immutable X has attempted to carve out a niche as a platform designed for video games and NFT collectibles.

Immutable X was recently announced as the platform that will power video game retailer GameStop’s gaming-centric NFT marketplace. GameStop’s marketplace is due to launch later this year, and will focus on user-ownable NFT items—such as characters, weapons, and apparel—designed for Ethereum-driven video games.

GameStop, Immutable X Plot Ethereum Gaming NFT Marketplace, $100M Fund

GameStop’s long-teased NFT plans are finally coming to light. Today, the video game retailer revealed that it has chosen Ethereum layer-2 scaling solution Immutable X as the technology for its…NewsNFTs4 min readAndrew HaywardFeb 3, 2022

GameStop and Immutable announced a $100 million developer fund last month as part of the deal, in an effort to incentivize crypto game creators to build upon Immutable X and the retailer’s marketplace.

Social video app TikTok also built on Immutable X for its creator-focused NFTs last year, while Gary Vaynerchuk’s VeeFriends Ethereum NFT project has used the scaling solution for its Book Games NFT promotion. Leading NFT marketplace OpenSea will also integrate Immutable X, and upcoming crypto game Ember Sword is building on it as well.

Immutable also develops and publishes its own NFT games. Competitive card game Gods Unchained was one of the first notable crypto games, and has since migrated from Ethereum’s mainnet to Immutable X. The firm will also publish the upcoming mobile action game, Guild of Guardians.

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Following the Series C raise, Immutable—which currently has a head count of 165—will significantly expand its team over the next 12 months, with plans to hire an additional 200 employees. The firm recently announced a handful of executive hires, including new Chief Studio Officer Justin Hulog, who joined from Riot Games.

Immutable previously raised a $60 million Series B round in September 2021, and $15 million in a Series A round two years earlier in September 2019.

By Andrew Hayward

Published
Categorized as Hot Crypto

What is My Neighbor Alice (ALICE)?

My Neighbor Alice (ALICE) token is the native token for the My Neighbor Alice multiplayer farm building video game. The game is a world where users invest in digital islands, build upon those islands, find new collectibles, and more.

ALICE is an ERC-20 token built on the Ethereum network, earnable in game through events and competitions, among other ways. The token also powers My Neighbor Alice’s NFT Marketplace, enabling players to trade and profit off of their creations.

Use cases of ALICE

Use cases of the ALIC token

The ALICE token incentivizes players to participate in the My Neighbor Alice farm-building game. For example, users who hold more ALICE and continually stake their holdings continue earning even more over time.

ALICE also represents in-game items like land or furniture, which can be sold or rented out to other players via smart contracts. Interestingly, the game also features NFT collateral. When a user invests in an NFT, a percentage of their purchase goes into collateral. If the NFT holder would like, they can eventually sell the asset back in turn for that collateral, ensuring they’ll always make some money back on an investment.

The ALICE token ensures My Neighbor Alice is a free-to-start video game. Anyone can participate in competitions and slowly earn their way to spendable amounts of ALICE. Or, users can invest ahead of time and gain access to certain game features right away. Accessibility is the focal point in the ALICE token’s design.

Eventually, My Neighbor Alice will launch a fully-featured Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) for fair governance, as well as full Avatar customization utilizing the ALICE token’s economy. Governance within the game includes proposing additional features, voting on updates, and having a say on the game’s budget.

Interestingly, the game is playable without a cryptocurrency wallet at first. Users who want to participate in the ecosystem, however, will need a wallet to hold ALICE and make transactions.

Comparison with competitors

ALICE token and the My Neighbor Alice video game aren’t too different from other blockchain-based games. This game involves investing in property, growing that property, and then selling one’s in-game efforts for profit.

None of those ideas are too stand-out on their own. Rather, My Neighbor Alice is unique based on its in-game events and farming aesthetic rather than its blockchain-based gaming features.

Roadmap and development history

In early 2021, the project launched in Steam early access exclusively to ALICE token holders. At the time, the game launched with plot owning and trading, visiting other farms, chatting with others, and the first ever quest.

July 2021 saw multiplayer implementation and additional ways to earn tokens in-game. September then saw the DAO’s release, even more quests and activities, and new in-game characters and NPCs.

December 2021 marks the launch of the planned NFT auction house, community, built events, and more gameplay additions. My Neighbor Alice will launch fully one year after the early launch in January 2022. The 1.0 update will come with avatar customization, clothes and hairstyles, and the ability to alter character eye color.

Tokenomics

Alice token tokenomics

ALICE has a total supply of 100 million tokens. 20 million of those ALICE tokens are held in reserve, while 21 million went to the project’s initial token sale. 15 million tokens are allocated to the development team and advisors, and another 16 million are reserved for the game’s ecosystem.

Price and price predictions

Alice token price

ALICE launched in March 2021 at around $23.64. The project saw an increase to almost $29 the following week, before dropping sharply to the $14–$18 range shortly afterward.

Since that time frame, ALICE has experienced lows of near $3.50 before jumping back up to around $23. As of this writing, the project is sitting at $12.87 per ALICE with a $296,130,746 market cap. The project boasts a 23,000,000 circulating supply against a total supply of 100,000,000.

Should you buy ALICE?

If you believe in the future of blockchain gaming, or want to grow a farm in My Neighbor Alice, you might want to consider investing in ALICE. After all, the asset is basically necessary to participate in the game’s ecosystem.

That said, if you’re simply investing to speculate on the project and potentially earn a profit, experts might suggest you choose another project. After all, this ERC-20 token is meant to build more of an ecosystem, rather than purely profit-focused.

What will ALICE token be worth?

It’s hard to say what ALICE will be worth, considering the asset’s price has varied greatly since the game’s Alpha state launch. Future price movements depend on the game’s success and feature set come its official launch.

Will ALICE token go up?

No one can confidently predict if a speculative asset will go up in value. That said, if the game is seen positively and sees an influx in users, it is possible for the ALICE token to go up in value.

What do I do with ALICE coins?

Users purchase in-game items using ALICE token. In addition, they can use it on the project’s NFT marketplace and accessorize the characters in the game, among other features.

The future of ALICE

My Neighbor Alice represents another branch of the blockchain-based gaming ecosystem. Some titles focus on owning and developing planets, while others emphasize growing a creature for value. ALICE token and its attached game targets a fairly different audience that might enjoy farming instead of any previously established games. We’ll have to see how the project plays out over time.

By Max Moeller

Published
Categorized as Hot Crypto

What is DIA (DIA)?


DIA (Decentralised Information Asset) is an open-source oracle platform that enables market actors to source, supply and share trustable data.

Decentralised Information Asset (DIA) is a Swiss non-profit association. It is an open-source, data and oracle platform for the DeFi (Decentralised Finance) ecosystem. DIA leverages crypto economic incentives to drive supply, share and use transparent, crowd-verified price data and oracles on financial and digital assets.

On 3 August, DIA announced that they took the first step in decentralising its governance by public distribution of ‘tokens’. This event will provide participants with the opportunity to acquire  DIA’s Governance Tokens. DIA believes in a financial ecosystem that is owned, controlled, and maintained by its users. The DeFi ecosystem infrastructure, which they are trying to create, is governed through a token — the DIA Governance Token — which shall be held by a decentralised community of DIA token-holders and their delegates.

This will be the first public distribution of DIA’s governance token, and it aims to decentralise governance to the broader DeFi and blockchain ecosystem and raise funds for the continued development of the platform.

How to Get DIA Tokens

Step-by-step guide

Note, that the interface to get DIA will be published on Monday August 3 at 3pm CET. It will be shared in all our channels.

1. Set up wallet

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To buy DIA you will need an Ethereum Smart contract enabled wallet. We recommend using  MetaMask,  Trust Wallet, imToken or  Gnosis safe.

Load sufficient USDC to your wallet, open the interface and connect your wallet.

2. Deposit funds in the interface

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Open the ‘Balances’ tab and ‘Enable’ the coin you want to use. Confirm, if prompted. Then deposit your funds by clicking the blue ‘+’.

A pop up will appear that where you can enter the amount that you wish to deposit for the trade. Once it is done return to the “Trade” tab.

3. Place order

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Enter the amount you wish to exchange for DIA into the ‘Sell’ field and the maximum average price you want to pay per token in the ‘Limit Price’ field.

The amount of DIA you will receive will be displayed. Click ‘Submit Limit Order’. The order will appear on the right and is executed when the price matches.

Example Order

  1. Satoshi wants to spend 100 USDC on DIA, but doesn’t want to purchase DIA at a higher average price than USDC 3.
  2. To execute his order, he selects USDC from the dropdown next to the ‘Sell’ field enters 100 in the ‘Sell’ field.
  3. He then enters ‘3’ into the ‘Limit Price’ field — this is the maximum average price of USDC he wants to pay per DIA.
  4. The ‘Receive at least’ field will show the minimum amount of DIA that Satoshi will receive if the order gets allocated.
  5. If this satisfies him, he clicks ‘Submit Limit Order’ and it will appear on the right pane of the interface in the ‘Open’ tab.
  6. When the next 5 minute interval is over, the solution for the transaction is calculated. This means that the algorithm decides which orders to process, optimising for maximum efficiency in token distribution.
  7. If the order gets accepted in the batch, it will be executed, meaning that DIA will be sent to the interface and funds will be sent to the bonding curve contract. The successful order will appear under the ‘Trades’ tab, from where Satoshi can send his DIA tokens to his wallet.
  8. Note, that the limit price is just the maximum price that Satoshi will pay. It may happen that a significantly lower price is paid if possible.
  9. Also note that orders may be partially filled. The remaining portion will be transferred to the next batch, unless cancelled.

Additional Questions

How long does a transaction take?

There are several factors impacting the time that a transaction takes in total.

  • The amount of gas you post, only has an impact on the speed at which your order is placed into the current or next order batch.
  • Once in the batch, gas fees are irrelevant as they are equal for all participants of one batch.
  • Batches are filled and closed in 5 minutes intervals
  • When the batch is filled, the solution is calculated which defines the allocation.

How to cancel an order?

Once an unfulfilled order is listed in the right pane, you will be able to click it and an option to cancel the order will appear. When you click the cancel option the order is deleted as soon as the transaction is completed on the Ethereum network. This means that it is dependent on the gas fee you post.

What happens after the transaction?

Once a the price matches and your order is allocated, you will receive your DIA in the interface. You will need to withdraw them to your wallet. Your order will be stored in your wallet, so even if you forget this step, you will be able to withdraw your DIA at a later stage, if you reconnect the wallet that you used for the transaction.

When is an order closed? How will I know whether it is still open?

On the right hand pane of the interface, you will see three tabs: ‘Open’, ‘Trades’ and ‘Closed’. Your open transactions will show in the ‘Open’ tab. Your completed orders will show in the ‘Trades’ tab and your cancelled order will show in the ‘Closed’ tab.

How many orders can I place?

You may place an unlimited amount of orders. Be aware that this costs gas every time.

Would you like to earn DIA right now! ☞ CLICK HERE

How and Where to Buy DIA ?

DIA has been listed on a number of crypto exchanges, unlike other main cryptocurrencies, it cannot be directly purchased with fiats money. However, You can still easily buy this coin by first buying Bitcoin, ETH, USDT from any large exchanges and then transfer to the exchange that offers to trade this coin, in this guide article we will walk you through in detail the steps to buy DIA

You will have to first buy one of the major cryptocurrencies, usually either Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT)…

We will use Binance Exchange here as it is one of the largest crypto exchanges that accept fiat deposits.

Binance is a popular cryptocurrency exchange which was started in China but then moved their headquarters to the crypto-friendly Island of Malta in the EU. Binance is popular for its crypto to crypto exchange services. Binance exploded onto the scene in the mania of 2017 and has since gone on to become the top crypto exchange in the world.

Once you finished the KYC process. You will be asked to add a payment method. Here you can either choose to provide a credit/debit card or use a bank transfer, and buy one of the major cryptocurrencies, usually either Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT)

☞ SIGN UP ON BINANCE

Step by Step Guide : What is Binance | How to Create an account on Binance (Updated 2021)

After the deposit is confirmed you may then purchase DIA from the exchange.

Exchange: The top exchanges for trading in DIA are currently Binance, OKEx, BiKi, HBTC, and Bidesk

Apart from the exchange(s) above, there are a few popular crypto exchanges where they have decent daily trading volumes and a huge user base. This will ensure you will be able to sell your coins at any time and the fees will usually be lower. It is suggested that you also register on these exchanges since once DIA gets listed there it will attract a large amount of trading volumes from the users there, that means you will be having some great trading opportunities!

Which products support DIA? 

 Send/ReceiveTrading
Coinbase          ✔     ✔
Pro          ✔     ✔
Wallet          ✔     ✖️



What regions support DIA? 

 USNYCANEUUKDESGJP
Coinbase    ✔✖️   ✔ ✔ ✔✖️✖️✖️
Pro   ✔✖️   ✔ ✔ ✔✖️✖️✖️
Wallet ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔✖️



Crypto to fiat trading pairs

 USUKEU
USD ✔ ✖️ ✖️
GBP ✖️ ✖️ ✖️
EUR ✖️ ✔ ✔



Note: Coinbase Wallet does not support direct bank transactions. You’ll need to transfer your crypto to Coinbase.com or send it to an external address in order to cash out.

Crypto to crypto trading pairs 

  USDCBTCETHUSDT
DIA   ✖️  ✖️ ✖️   ✔



See the full list of countries that Coinbase supports for crypto-to-crypto trading.

Note: Only assets hosted on the Ethereum blockchain can be converted through the Coinbase Wallet mobile app at this time. Learn more about trading on Coinbase Wallet.

How many confirmations are needed for DIA?

DIA requires 35 network confirmations. Learn about transaction confirmations.

Which blockchain network hosts DIA?

DIA is hosted on Ethereum. 

What are the minimum and maximum withdrawal amounts?

Coinbase has implemented safeguards to ensure a healthy and efficient network both on-chain and through our platform.  

These safeguards include both minimum and maximum amounts for each cryptocurrency we allow customers to send through the blockchain. These amounts vary by asset and are subject to change.

Top exchanges for token-coin trading. Follow instructions and make unlimited money

☞ https://www.binance.com
☞ https://www.bittrex.com
☞ https://www.poloniex.com
☞ https://www.bitfinex.com
☞ https://www.huobi.com
☞ https://www.mxc.ai
☞ https://www.probit.com
☞ https://www.gate.io
☞ https://www.coinbase.com

By Morioh, Coinbase

Published
Categorized as Hot Crypto

What is Adventure Gold (AGLD)?

Adventure Gold (AGLD) is an Ethereum token that can be used to vote on storylines and other governance features for Loot, an NFT project for generating randomized adventure gear stored on-chain. AGLD can also potentially be used for future in-game credits or other projects that build on top of Loot Project.

Which products support AGLD? 

 Send/ReceiveTrading
Coinbase         ✔     ✔
Pro         ✔     ✔
Wallet         ✔     ✖️

What regions support AGLD? 

 USNYCANEUUKDESGJP
Coinbase   ✖️   ✔ ✔ ✔✖️✖️✖️
Pro  ✖️   ✔ ✔ ✔✖️✖️✖️
Wallet     ✔ ✔ ✔✖️

Crypto to fiat trading pairs

 USUKEU
USD ✔ ✖️ ✖️
GBP ✖️ ✖️ ✖️
EUR ✖️ ✖️✖️

Note: Coinbase Wallet does not support direct bank transactions. You’ll need to transfer your crypto to Coinbase.com or send it to an external address in order to cash out.

Crypto to crypto trading pairs 

  USDCBTC
ETHUSDT
AGLD   ✖️  ✖️
 ✖️   ✔

See the full list of countries that Coinbase supports for crypto-to-crypto trading.

Note: Only assets hosted on the Ethereum blockchain can be converted through the Coinbase Wallet mobile app at this time. Learn more about trading on Coinbase Wallet.

How many confirmations are needed for AGLD?

AGLD requires 35 network confirmation. Learn about transaction confirmations.

Which blockchain network hosts AGLD?

AGLD is hosted on Ethereum. 

What are the minimum and maximum withdrawal amounts?

Coinbase has implemented safeguards to ensure a healthy and efficient network both on-chain and through our platform.  

These safeguards include both minimum and maximum amounts for each cryptocurrency we allow customers to send through the blockchain.

Minimum: 0.000000000000000001 AGLD

Maximum: 100,000 AGLD

Published
Categorized as Hot Crypto

What is Quantstamp (QSP)?

Quantstamp (QSP) is an Ethereum token that powers Quantstamp, a security auditing network for crypto protocols. QSP can be used to pay for smart contract audits, earned by running verification nodes, and for proposing and voting on network upgrades.

Which products support QSP? 

 Send/ReceiveTrading
Coinbase          ✔      ✔
Pro          ✔      ✔
Wallet          ✔      ✖️

What regions support QSP? 

 USNYCANEUUKDESGJP
Coinbase    ✔✖️   ✔ ✔ ✔✖️✖️✖️
Pro   ✔✖️   ✔ ✔ ✔✖️✖️✖️
Wallet ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔✖️


Crypto to fiat trading pairs

 USUKEU
USD  ✔  ✖️ ✖️
GBP ✖️  ✖️ ✖️
EUR ✖️  ✖️ ✖️

Note: Coinbase Wallet does not support direct bank transactions. You’ll need to transfer your crypto to Coinbase.com or send it to an external address in order to cash out.

Crypto to crypto trading pairs 

  USDCBTC
ETHUSDT
QSP    ✖️  ✖️
 ✖️   ✔

See the full list of countries that Coinbase supports for crypto-to-crypto trading.

Note: Only assets hosted on the Ethereum blockchain can be converted through the Coinbase Wallet mobile app at this time. Learn more about trading on Coinbase Wallet.

How many confirmations are needed for QSP?

QSP requires 35 network confirmations. Learn about transaction confirmations.

Which blockchain network hosts QSP?

QSP is hosted on Ethereum. 

What are the minimum and maximum withdrawal amounts?

Coinbase has implemented safeguards to ensure a healthy and efficient network both on-chain and through our platform.

These safeguards include both minimum and maximum amounts for each cryptocurrency we allow customers to send through the blockchain. These amounts vary by asset and are subject to change. 

Published
Categorized as Hot Crypto